Russian formalism to the point
Russian formalism
Started -1910
Ended - 1930.
* Studies of Literary form came against traditional criticism. Traditional criticism: -This is where you analyze how the author’s life is shown in the work. The authors may choose to include events, people, or places to serve as influences in their literary work. The author may also choose to include their characteristics, thoughts, and emotions.
* We can define any text in two ways-
1. Textual meaning.
It refers to literary text meaning, rhyme, structure forms, literary
devices etc. discuss.
2. Contextual meaning
It refers to which point of view I discuss a text. We discuss here a text of post-colonial, Marxist, psycho-analytic, and feministic perspectives. Here we try to find the author's background, his thoughts, and time, socio-political and economic views. This type of criticism is called traditional criticism. Russian criticism came against this type of criticism. Russian Journalism Influenced New Criticism.
Formalism says that I find the meaning of a text of textual meaning. The author's background is not allowed here. In Russian formalism we read the whole text then we find its actual meaning.
Two types of the circle in Russian Formalism -
1. Opojaz (1916) was in St. Petersburg and its main person was- Roman Jacobson, Metaphor and metanimi is two part of language said by him.2. Moscow linguistic circle(1915).Main
critics is Victor Shklovsky, Boris Eiekenbaum.
If we want to know clearly about formalism we have to know the details of Victor Shklovsky's Art as Technique published in 1917 and translated as the name Art as Device.
In this book, he put the concept of de-familiarization. He said that when we create poetry and others, it is nothing but de-familiarization. It is an art or technique.
When we read a poem, it is totally unknown to us. But when we summarize it in general Language it is known to us. Here the tech technique is de-familiarization or making unknown known things. Here use literary devise, structure, form, etc. to make de-familiarization.
So, Shklovsky said that poetry is nothing but an art that makes da-familiarization using literary devices. We have to make it familiar. We just read text using these devices such as similes, metaphors, puns, etc., and put out its meaning.
** Russian formalism developed in Russia in the early 20th century in 1915, two years before the Russian Revolution.
* It is similar to new criticism.
*This movement falls into three periods-
1.1916-1921 - focus on poetic Language and prose composition.
2.1922-1928- Serious attempt to reexamine many literary problems.
3.1928-1935- The movement disbanded.
No comments: